Tag archives: melting point

Chocolate that doesn’t melt until as high as 50C could be a boon for chocoholics in the tropics. (Courtesy:iStockphoto.com/alle12)

By Tushna Commissariat

“Look, there’s no metaphysics on Earth like chocolates” – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet

It’s Easter again and shops in many countries are full of chocolate eggs and other gooey, chocolate-based treats. But why is it that certain tropical countries like Nigeria consume only small amounts of chocolate, despite producing most of the world’s cocoa? Indeed, nearly 70% of cocoa is grown in West Africa and the rest in Central and South America and Asia.

One of the main reasons is that the high tropical temperatures make chocolate lose its form while being transported within these areas. The chocolate can also undergo a “bloom formation” – a mouldy-looking white coating that forms on the surface resulting from an increase in temperature, which makes storing chocolate a problem.

But, once again, physics is providing a solution. Scientists have been looking at ways to create a “thermo-resistant” chocolate that holds its form and still tastes just right. And it looks like O Ogunwolu and C O Jayeola, food scientists at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria have finally managed it, and just in time for Easter too. They found that adding varying amounts of cornstarch and gelatin to chocolate ensured that the chocolate melted at about 40–50 °C, instead of its normal melting point at about 25–33 °C. And the best bit is that, by all accounts, it still looks and tastes like normal chocolate!

The chocolate industry has been looking into ways of perfecting heat-resistant chocolate for a long time. For example, the US company Hershey’s developed a chocolate bar that was heat resistant and could be used as part of emergency rations for American troops during the Second World War. The down side was that, according to troop reports, the chocolate tasted “a little better than a boiled potato”. While Hershey’s did try other recipes and even managed to make a bar that melted only at 60 °C, reactions to the taste were mixed. So it is hoped that this new recipe will make chocolate more available to everyone, the world over, as it should be.

In other chocolate-related news, take a look at the slew of videos on YouTube that include researchers at the University of Nottingham conduct “Eggsperiments” with Cadbury’s Creme Eggs. My favourite one has chemists making quite a mess in their labs when they try to deconstruct the eggs.